[Dec 25, 2024] Genuine ISTQB-CTFL Exam Dumps New 2024 ISTQB Pratice Exam
New 2024 Realistic ISTQB-CTFL Dumps Test Engine Exam Questions in here
NEW QUESTION # 37
Confirmation testing is performed after:
- A. the execution of an automated regression test suite to confirm the absence of false positives in the test results
- B. a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed
- C. a defect is fixed and after other tests do not find any side-effect introduced in the software as a result of such fix
- D. a failed test, and aims to run that test again to confirm that the same behavior still occurs and thus appears to be reproducible
Answer: B
Explanation:
Confirmation testing is performed after a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed. Confirmation testing, also known as re-testing, is the process of verifying that a defect has been resolved by running the test case that originally detected the defect.
Confirmation testing is usually done before regression testing, which is the process of verifying that no new defects have been introduced in the software as a result of changes or fixes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.4.1, page 28; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 15.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following lists factors That contribute to PROJECT risks?
- A. skill and staff shortages; problems in defining the right requirements, contractual issues.
- B. poor software quality characteristics; software does not perform its intended functions.
- C. problems in defining the right requirements; contractual issues; poor software quality characteristics.
- D. skill and staff shortages; software does not perform its intended functions; problems in defining the right requirements.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following is NOT an objective of testing?
- A. Providing information for decision-making
- B. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures
- C. Finding defects
- D. Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software
Answer: B
Explanation:
Analyzing and removing the cause of failures is not an objective of testing, but rather a task of development or maintenance. A failure is an event or behavior that deviates from the expected or specified result of a system under test. A failure is caused by an error (also known as a mistake or a fault) in the software code, design, or specification. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures is a process of locating and fixing errors in the software code, design, or specification, which is also known as debugging or defect resolution. Analyzing and removing the cause of failures does not aim to find or report defects, but rather to correct or prevent them. The other options are objectives of testing. Finding defects is one of the main objectives of testing, as it helps to improve the quality and reliability of the software product. Providing information for decision-making is another objective of testing, as it helps to support decision making and risk management. Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software is another objective of testing, as it helps to assure that the software product meets its requirements and customer or user needs and expectations. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 3.
NEW QUESTION # 40
In a two-hour uninterrupted test session, performed as part of an iteration on an Agile project, a heuristic checklist was used to help the tester focus on some specific usability issues of a web application.
The unscripted tests produced by the tester's experience during such session belong to which one of the following testing quadrants?
- A. Q1
- B. Q3
- C. Q2
- D. Q4
Answer: B
Explanation:
The unscripted tests produced by the tester's experience during the two-hour test session belong to the testing quadrant Q3. The testing quadrants are a classification of testing types based on two dimensions: the test objectives (whether the testing is focused on supporting the team or critiquing the product) and the test basis (whether the testing is based on the technology or the business). The testing quadrants are labeled as Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, and each quadrant represents a different testing perspective, such as unit testing, acceptance testing, usability testing, or performance testing. The testing quadrant Q3 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product from the business perspective, such as exploratory testing, usability testing, user acceptance testing, alpha testing, beta testing, etc. The unscripted tests performed by the tester in the given scenario are examples of exploratory testing and usability testing, as they are based on the tester's experience, intuition, and learning of the web application, and they focus on some specific usability issues, such as the user interface, the user satisfaction, the user feedback, etc. The other options are incorrect, because:
* The testing quadrant Q1 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the technology perspective, such as unit testing, component testing, integration testing, system testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by developers or testers who have access to the source code, the design, the architecture, or the configuration of the software system, and they aim to verify the functionality, the quality, and the reliability of the software system at different levels of integration.
* The testing quadrant Q2 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the business perspective, such as functional testing, acceptance testing, story testing, scenario testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or customers who have access to the requirements, the specifications, the user stories, or the business processes of the software system, and they aim to validate that the software system meets the expectations and the needs of the users and the stakeholders.
* The testing quadrant Q4 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product
* from the technology perspective, such as performance testing, security testing, reliability testing, compatibility testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or specialists who have access to the tools, the metrics, the standards, or the benchmarks of the software system, and they aim to evaluate the non-functional aspects of the software system, such as the efficiency, the security, the reliability, or the compatibility of the software system under different conditions or environments.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Testing Quadrant, Exploratory Testing, Usability Testing, Unit Testing, Component Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Functional Testing, Acceptance Testing, Story Testing, Scenario Testing, Performance Testing, Security Testing, Reliability Testing, Compatibility Testing
NEW QUESTION # 41
The statement: "Test activities should start in the early stages of the lifecycle, adhering to the testing principle of early testing" is relevant to which of the recognized software development models?
- A. Incremental development model.
- B. Iterative development model.
- C. Sequential development model.
- D. All the above
Answer: D
Explanation:
The principle of early testing is applicable to all recognized software development models, including sequential, iterative, and incremental models. Starting test activities early in the lifecycle helps in identifying and addressing defects as soon as possible, which can save time and costs by preventing defects from propagating to later stages of development. This proactive approach enhances the overall quality and efficiency of the software development process. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 42
The following incident report that was generated during test of a web application.
What would you suggest as the most important report improvement?
Defect detected date: 15 8.2010
Defect detected by: Joe Smith
Test level System test
Test case: Area 5/TC 98
Build version: 2011-16.2
Defect description After having filled out all required fields in screen 1, t click ENTER to continue to screen 2 Nothing happens, no system response at all.
- A. Add an impact analysis
- B. Add information about which developer should fix the bug
- C. Add the time stamp when the incident happened
- D. Add information about which web browser was used
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most important report improvement for the given incident report would be to add information about which web browser was used when the defect was detected. This information is relevant for reproducing and debugging the defect, as different web browsers may have different behaviors or compatibility issues with the web application. The other options are less important or irrelevant for the incident report. The developer who should fix the bug can be assigned by the project manager or the defect tracking system, not by the tester who reports the defect. The time stamp when the incident happened is not very useful, as it does not indicate the cause or the frequency of the defect. The impact analysis is not part of the incident report, but rather of the risk assessment or prioritization process. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 140.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Decision table testing is being performed on tran-sactions in a bank's ATM (Automated Teller Machine) system. Two test cases have already been generated for rules 1 and 4. which are shown below:
SEE ATTACHMENT 1
Given the following additional test cases:
SEE ATTACHMENT 2
Which two of the additional test cases would achieve full coverage of the full decision table (when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules 1 and 4)?
- A. DT1.DT2
- B. DT2, DT3
- C. DT1, DT4
- D. DT3, DT4
Answer: B
Explanation:
Decision table testing is used to analyze combinations of inputs to determine the appropriate outputs, often based on specific rules or conditions.
For the problem statement:
* Rule 1: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Sufficient, Fast Cash = True, Correct PIN = True)
* Outcome: Transaction = Approved
* Rule 4: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Sufficient, Fast Cash = True, Correct PIN = False)
* Outcome: Transaction = Declined
The additional test cases are:
* DT1: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Insufficient, Fast Cash = True, Correct PIN = True)
* Outcome: Transaction = Declined
* DT2: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Sufficient, Fast Cash = False, Correct PIN = True)
* Outcome: Transaction = Approved
* DT3: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Insufficient, Fast Cash = True, Correct PIN = False)
* Outcome: Transaction = Declined
* DT4: (Withdrawal = Allowed, Balance = Sufficient, Fast Cash = False, Correct PIN = False)
* Outcome: Transaction = Declined
From the given test cases, DT2 covers the scenario where Fast Cash is False, which is not covered in the initial cases. DT3 covers the case where Balance is Insufficient and PIN is incorrect.
Combining Rules 1 and 4 with DT2 and DT3 covers all the scenarios.
References:
* Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
* 10 Sample Exams ISTQB Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which or the following would be a key difference between a peer review of code and static analysis of code using a tool?
- A. A peer reviews find failures while static analysis finds defects.
- B. Static analysis targets the code technically whereas Peer review is applicable to further aspects.
- C. A peer reviews finds defects while static analysis finds failures.
- D. Peer reviews cannot find missing requirements whereas static analysis can
Answer: B
Explanation:
The key difference between a peer review of code and static analysis of code using a tool lies in their approaches and scope. A peer review is a manual inspection of the code by peers or colleagues, focusing not only on the technical aspects of the code but also on other elements such as design, compliance with standards, and maintainability. Peer reviews can identify defects, suggest improvements, and ensure that the code adheres to best practices and team standards.
On the other hand, static analysis is an automated process performed by tools designed to analyze the code without executing it. These tools can detect potential issues such as syntax errors, vulnerabilities, and code smells based on predefined rules and patterns. While static analysis is technically focused, it lacks the broader perspective that human reviewers can provide, such as evaluating the code's maintainability or adherence to project-specific standards. Therefore, static analysis targets the code technically, whereas peer review encompasses a wider range of aspects, making option B the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following is a role that is usually responsible for documenting the findings (e.g., action items, decisions, recommendations) made by the review team as part of a typical formal review?
- A. Facilitator.
- B. Recorder.
- C. Review leader
- D. Moderator
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a formal review process, the recorder's role is typically responsible for documenting the findings of the review team, including action items, decisions, and recommendations. This ensures that there is an accurate record of what was discussed and agreed upon, facilitating follow-up and continuous improvement. Therefore, statement C is correct as per the ISTQB CTFL syllabus.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following types of tools is BEST suited for determining source code compliance with the guidelines provided by a coding standard?
- A. Fault seeding tool.
- B. Static analysis tool.
- C. Test data preparation tool
- D. Containerisation tool
Answer: B
Explanation:
A static analysis tool is best suited for determining source code compliance with coding standards. These tools analyze the code without executing it and can check for adherence to coding standards, syntax errors, and other static properties of the code. The ISTQB CTFL syllabus emphasizes the role of static analysis tools in verifying that code meets predefined standards and guidelines.
References: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, Section on static testing and tools.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following issues cannot be identified by static analysis tools?
- A. Potentially endless loops
- B. Security vulnerabilities
- C. Very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)
- D. Referencing a variable with an undefined value
Answer: C
Explanation:
Static analysis tools are software tools that examine the source code of a program without executing it. They can detect various types of issues, such as syntax errors, coding standards violations, security vulnerabilities, and potential bugs12. However, static analysis tools cannot identify issues that depend on the runtime behavior or performance of the program, such as very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)3. MTBF is a measure of the reliability of a system or component. It is calculated by dividing the total operating time by the number of failures. MTBF reflects how often a system or component fails during its expected lifetime. Static analysis tools cannot measure MTBF because they do not run the program or observe its failures. MTBF can only be estimated by dynamic testing, which involves executing the program under various conditions and collecting data on its failures4. Therefore, very low MTBF is anissue that cannot be identified by static analysis tools.
The other options, such as potentially endless loops, referencing a variable with an undefined value, and security vulnerabilities, are issues that can be identified by static analysis tools. Static analysis tools can detect potentially endless loops by analyzing the control flow and data flow of the program and checking for conditions that may never become false5. Static analysis tools can detect referencing a variable with an undefined value by checking the scope and initialization of variables and reporting any use of uninitialized variables6. Static analysis tools can detect security vulnerabilities by checking for common patterns of insecure code, such as buffer overflows, SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and weak encryption. References = What Is Static Analysis? Static Code Analysis Tools - Perforce Software, How Static Code Analysis Works | Perforce, Static Code Analysis: Techniques, Top 5 Benefits & 3 Challenges, What is MTBF? Mean Time Between Failures Explained | Perforce, Static analysis tools - Software Testing MCQs - CareerRide, ISTQB_Chapter3 | Quizizz, [Static Code Analysis for Security Vulnerabilities | Perforce].
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following statements is not correct?
- A. Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity
- B. Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity
- C. Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product
- D. Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details
Answer: D
Explanation:
Looking for defects in a system does not require ignoring system details, but rather paying attention to them and understanding how they affect the system's quality, functionality, and usability. Ignoring system details could lead to missing important defects or testing irrelevant aspects of the system.
Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product, especially by the developers or stakeholders who are invested in the product's success. However, identifying defects is not meant to be a personal attack, but rather a constructive feedback that helps to improve the product and ensure its alignment with the requirements and expectations of the users and clients.
Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity, as testers need to anticipate and explore the possible ways that the system could fail, malfunction, or behave unexpectedly. Professional pessimism means being skeptical and critical of the system's quality and reliability, while curiosity means being eager and interested in finding out the root causes and consequences of the defects.
Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity, as it involves finding and reporting the flaws and weaknesses of the system, rather than creating or enhancing it. However, testing is actually a constructive activity, as it contributes to the system's improvement, verification, validation, and optimization, and ultimately to the delivery of a high-quality product that meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients.
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following statements about decision tables are TRUE?
I. Generally, decision tables are generated for low risk test items.
II. Test cases derived from decision tables can be used for component tests.
III. Several test cases can be selected for each column of the decision table.
IV. The conditions in the decision table represent negative tests generally.
- A. II. IV
- B. I. Ill
- C. I, IV
- D. II. Ill
Answer: D
Explanation:
A decision table is a technique that shows combinations of inputs and/or stimuli (causes) with their associated outputs and/or actions (effects). A decision table consists of four quadrants: conditions (inputs), actions (outputs), condition entries (values) and action entries (results). The following statements about decision tables are true:
* II. Test cases derived from decision tables can be used for component tests. Decision tables can be used to test components that have multiple inputs and outputs that depend on logical combinations of conditions. Decision tables can help cover all possible combinations or scenarios in a systematic way.
* III. Several test cases can be selected for each column of the decision table. A column of a decision table represents a unique combination of condition entries and action entries. Several test cases can be selected for each column by varying other input values or expected results that are not part of the decision table. The following statements about decision tables are false:
* I. Generally, decision tables are generated for low risk test items. Decision tables are not related to risk level, but rather to complexity level. Decision tables are generated for test items that have complex logic
* or multiple conditions and actions that need to be tested.
* IV. The conditions in the decision table represent negative tests generally. The conditions in the decision table represent both positive and negative tests, depending on whether they are valid or invalid inputs for the test item. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 4, page 42-43.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Determining the schedule for each testing activity and test milestones for a test project, using activity estimates, available resources, and other constraints is a typical task performed during
- A. Test analysis.
- B. Test design.
- C. Test execution
- D. Test planning
Answer: D
Explanation:
Test planning involves defining the overall approach to testing, including scheduling, resources, and milestones. It is during this phase that the detailed schedule for each testing activity is determined based on estimates, resource availability, and constraints. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 outlines that test planning encompasses the creation of test plans and schedules to ensure that testing activities are properly managed and controlled.
NEW QUESTION # 51
What is 'Component Testing'?
- A. Integration Testing
- B. A test level
- C. Functional testing
- D. Experience-based testing
Answer: B
Explanation:
Component testing is a test level. A test level is a group of test activities that are organized and managed together based on some common characteristics or objectives. A test level can be defined based on various factors, such as the scope and target of testing, the phase and model of development, the stakeholders and roles involved in testing, etc. Component testing (also known as unit testing or module testing) is a test level that focuses on verifying the functionality and quality of individual software components (such as modules, classes, functions, methods, etc.). Component testing can be performed by developers or testers using various techniques and tools depending on the type and complexity of the components. The other options are not test levels. Integration testing is another test level that focuses on verifying the functionality and quality of groups of software components that interact with each other or with external systems. Functional testing is a type of black-box dynamic testing that verifies that the system under test performs its intended functions according to its requirements or specifications. Experience-based testing is a category of test design techniques that rely on the tester's knowledge and intuition to derive and select test cases based on their experience with similar systems, technologies, domains, risks, etc. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 19.
NEW QUESTION # 52
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